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Consequences of improper treatment of ankle sprains

Learn treatment techniques and exercises.

People are focusing more on their health in the past few years. Over 50% of respondents in a survey said that they have resumed their pre-pandemic exercise routine and habits1. Due to the increasing popularity of exercising, the number of sports and recreation-related injuries has also increased. According to a survey done by the Hong Kong Department of Health, over 37% of injuries sustained by those in the 15-24 age group were caused by exercise2. In this article, we have collated a simple first aid guide on what you should do if you meet with acute injuries while engaging in exercise.What are some common sports injuries and which sports are more prone to injury?&nbsp;&nbsp;Some sports that are gaining popularity include football and basketball, which involves a lot of jumping, turning and intense collision. As a result, these sports are likely to result in injury3. One of the most common sites of sports injury is at the knee joint. If the injury at the knee joint is not treated properly, it would not be easy to stabilize the joint in the future. Should you tear a knee cartilage, also known as a sprained ankle, it is important to stop exercising immediately and start treatment. Apply ice to the swollen area as soon as possible, then stabilize the knee with a bandage to stabilize it. After which, seek medical treatment as soon as possible.Compared to ball sports, running is easier to get into, and with a simple set of exercise clothes and running shoes, you can run anytime, anywhere. However, because it is a non-contact sport, many people underestimate the fact that it is one of the easiest sports to get injured. Many people tend to overlook warming up before a run. Thus, ligament and ankle sprains are common. Running without adequate warm-up can easily cause ligament sprains and ankle sprains. Moreover, the rise in street running culture in recent years, has resulted in more cases of twisted ankles due to uneven ground surfaces.&nbsp;<h2>What is a sprained ankle, also known as a twisted ankle?&nbsp;</h2>An ankle sprain is one of the more common sport injuries. It is usually defined as the outward or inward twist of the ankle. For example, if you accidentally twist your ankle while running, it can cause a sprain. In serious cases, a sprained ankle can lead to the tearing or fracturing of ligaments. The blood vessels in the area of the sprain burst, resulting in congestion, causing swelling and pain. It may even be difficult to balance the ankle and foot. Not sure what to do in the case of an ankle sprain? Here are four steps you can follow to handle the situation.&nbsp;<h3>Step 1: Raise the injured area</h3>Objective: Stop additional swelling at the sprained area.Method: To reduce swelling and improve blood circulation, lie down and slowly elevate the sprained area.<h3>Step 2: Apply a cold compress</h3>Objective: Decrease inflammation and pain in the affected area.&nbsp;Method: Place wrapped ice cubes in a towel on the sprained area every 2-4 hours for about 10-15 minutes. Do not apply ice directly to the affected area as it can result in nerve damage or frostbite.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Step 3: Apply pressure by wrapping a bandage around the affected area</h3>Objective: Applying pressure helps to reduce bruising and swelling.&nbsp;Method: Wrap the affected area with an elastic bandage to apply the appropriate pressure on it. If the bandage is wrapped too loosely, it will not be able to achieve the purpose of applying pressure. If it is wrapped too tightly, it could cause numbness and poor blood circulation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Step 4: Have enough rest</h3>Objective: Ensure that the affected area has enough rest to avoid overexertion of the ligaments and worsening of pain.&nbsp;Method: Rest and reduce activity within 48 hours of the injury. Slowly resume normal activities after 48 hours, depending on the degree of pain and extent of the injury.&nbsp;There are different degrees and recovery times of ankle sprains. The sprains are classified into three levels: mild sprain, moderate sprain, severe sprain. Each level of sprain has different recovery times.&nbsp;

<h3>Level 1: Mild sprain</h3>Ankle ligaments are not significantly torn, slight swelling at the ankle, the ability to move is not affected greatly.&nbsp;Recovery time: Approximately 2-3 weeks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Level 2: Moderate sprain</h3>Certain ankle ligaments are torn, swelling and pain is significant. There could be bruises appearing in the affected area. One could experience severe pain when walking.&nbsp;Recovery time: Approximately 4-6 weeks.<h3>Level 3: Severe sprain</h3>In severe sprains, the ankle ligaments could be torn completely, which could even damage nerve fibers. While the pain level may not be as high as a moderate sprain, there will be extensive bruising, inhibiting walking.&nbsp;Recovery time: Approximately 8-12 weeks.&nbsp;<h2>How can you prevent ankle sprains?</h2>Prevention is better than curing. Here are some ways that to prevent you from suffering from a sprain:&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Ensure you do a proper warm up&nbsp;</h3>It is common for people to skip warming up and head straight to exercising. The recommended time to spend on warming up is about 5-10 minutes. Warming up before exercising and cooling down afterwards can help to prevent sprains and strains.&nbsp;<h3>Use sports bandages</h3>Sports bandages can help in stabilizing the ankle joint during exercise.&nbsp; Most people have the habit of engaging in intense exercise only during the weekends, but they should avoid doing so as it could result in over exertion of the body. It is recommended to engage in workouts across the week and not just during the weekends.&nbsp;<h3>Train your lower body</h3>Training your lower body daily can help reduce the possibility of spraining your ankle. Some exercise that you can try include:&nbsp;<ul><li>Stand on one leg for about 30 seconds to 1 minute. Repeat 3 times. This can help to train your muscles at the lower limb and your balance.&nbsp;</li></ul><ul><li>Jump or squat on one leg for about 30 seconds to 1 minute. This helps to train the stability of the ankle joint.</li></ul>

<ol><li>Source: Hong Kong Anti-Cancer Society, "Survey says nearly 70% of Hongkongers change their exercise and eating habits due to COVID-19", 2020</li><li>Source: Centre for Health Protection, "Unintentional Injury Survey 2018", 2018</li><li>Source: Centre for Health Protection, "Sports Injuries"</li><li>Source: Saint Paul’s Hospital Taiwan, "Principles of Treating Sprains"</li></ol>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.

【足踝扭傷】處理不當，拗柴後果可大可小 | Suggestions for Prevention and Treatment of Sprained Ankles

Suggestions for preventing sprained ankles | FWD HK

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Common hiking accidents: risks and precautions

Learn how to keep safe on the trails as you explore the various risks of hiking.

Hiking and trekking not only help in relaxing the mind and improving physical fitness, but it also allows people to rediscover the beauty of their own country. As more people engage in hiking activities, the number of hiking accidents has also increased. According to the Hong Kong Fire Services Department's 2021 work report, there were 951 mountain rescue incidents, an increase of 58% compared to 602 in 2020, with 598 people injured and 14 fatalities1.<h2>What are some common hiking accidents?</h2>Hiking and trekking not only help in relaxing the mind and improving physical fitness, but it also allows people to rediscover the beauty of their own country. As more people engage in hiking activities, the number of hiking accidents has also increased.Unforeseen circumstances can take place as we hike no matter how prepared you may be. For those who want to have peace of mind as they hike, one may consider getting some additional financial protection. However, should you purchase medical insurance or personal accident insurance? This article will talk about the common types of hiking accidents,and compare medical insurance and accident insurance to help you decide how to choose the most suitable protection.There are three common types of hiking accidents:<h3>1. Twisted and sprained ankles</h3>One of the most common hiking accidents among novice hikers is twisted and sprained ankles2. Accidentally stepping on loose rocks or meeting with uneven mountain roads can cause ankle sprains. One way to prevent ankle injuries is to have the proper hiking equipment such as high-top hiking boots as it can provide sufficient grip and foot support3If you happen to sprain your ankle while hiking, stop hiking immediately and find another way to descend the mountain. You can also use hiking poles when descending. After descending, rest and seek the appropriate first aid treatment. If your ankle’s condition does not improve after first aid, it may be necessary to see a doctor or even be hospitalized. People who have previously sprained their ankles may have a chance of spraining their ankle again as their ligaments are injured, making the ankle unstable for a long period of time. Thus, it is important to have ample rest and engage in rehabilitation after each injury to reduce the chance of a repeated injury.<h3>2. Abrasions on hands and feet</h3>On top of sprains, suffering from scrapes and abrasions on your hands and feet are common injuries in hiking accidents. This is especially so when attempting more challenging hiking routes where hikers may need to use their hands and feet to climb and grab trees or rocks. They may sometimes even have to cut through the forest. Without the proper equipment and clothing, it is easy to scrape and bleed on your hand and feet. These scrapes could also leave scars. It is best for novice hikers to avoid challenging hiking routes for their safety.<h3>3. Heat stroke and dehydration</h3>When hiking in a hot and humid climate, heat stroke and dehydration are common in hiking accidents4. Hikers should prepare enough water and electrolytes to prevent dehydration and take precautions to avoid their body from overheating. This could include wearing light-coloured breathable clothing and avoid hiking during the hottest time of the day.What else can you do to protect yourself during hiking besides preparing suitable equipment? One way would be to protect yourself financially. Before deciding which insurance to purchase, you should first understand the nature of two common types of insurance: personal accident insurance and medical insurance5,6.

<table>
 <colgroup data-width='661'>
 <col style="width:27.6853%" />
 <col style="width:35.5522%" />
 <col style="width:36.762499999999996%" />
 </colgroup>
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th></th>
 <th>Personal accident insurance</th>
 <th>Medical insurance</th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>
 Coverage
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Accidental death</li>
 <li>Permanent disability</li>
 <li>Medical expenses for treatment</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Hospitalisation and other medical expenses</li>
 <li>Cash compensation for each day you are hospitalised</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>
 Compensation basis
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Accidental injury caused by sudden external incidents</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Medical expenses within the scope of coverage</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>
 Compensation method
 </td>
 <td>
 Generally divided into two types:
 <ul>
 <li>One-time compensation: Given for accidental death or amputation; permanent disability</li>
 <li>Compensation for related medical expenses caused by accidents, such as hospitalisation expenses or outpatient expenses such as traumatic injuries, can be claimed on the basis of actual reimbursement</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Based on medical expenses incurred, when the insured person suffers from a disease or injury within the scope of coverage of the policy, they can claim the corresponding medical expenses.</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>
 Common exclusions
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Routine health check-up</li>
 <li>Suicide</li>
 <li>Participating in risky activities</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 <td>
 <ul>
 <li>Routine health check-up</li>
 <li>Plastic surgery</li>
 <li>Participating in risky activities</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
<h2>Should you choose accident or medical insurance for financial protection when hiking?</h2>
Medical and personal accident insurance are different in nature. Most medical insurance policies only provide coverage for surgical expenses and hospitalisation. If the insured suffers from an injury which does not require any hospitalisation, but only requires outpatient treatment, most medical insurance policies will not provide compensation. Furthermore, medical insurance can only protect the insured person's relevant medical expenses by the actual cost method.
In the unfortunate event that the insured person passes away or becomes permanently disabled, the medical insurance is not able to help financially in terms of the long-term living needs of the insured and their loved ones. On the other hand, personal accident insurance can provide a lump-sum cash payout to help the insured person and their family members alleviate the sudden economic difficulties. One should carefully evaluate their insurance needs before deciding which insurance to purchase. They should also check if they are able to purchase both medical and personal accident insurance at the same time to help themselves get better coverage.

<ol><li>Source: HKSAR Government Press Release, "Fire Services Department 2021 Year-end Review", 2021</li><li>Source: Primary Care Education Foundation, "It’s easy to get sprains when hiking. Use guards to protect joints", 2021</li><li>Source: Mountaineering Council of HK, "It’s easy to get sprains when hiking. Use guards to protect joints", 2021</li><li>Source: Centre for Health Protection, "Beware of Heat Stroke", 2023</li><li>Source: Investor and Financial Education Council, "Accident Insurance"</li><li>Source: Investor and Financial Education Council, "Medical Insurance"</li></ol>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.

【行山意外】新手行山注意！香港17個高危行山黑點 | Common accidents when hiking: risks and precautions

Common accidents when hiking: risks and precautions | FWD HK