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Eczema: can new clothes trigger atopic dermatitis in children?

Children Health

<p>Many children across the world suffer from Eczema. One of the more commonly known triggers of eczema is the diet of children. However, did you know that children’s clothing also poses a risk of triggering eczema?</p><p>Before diving into why children’s clothing can be a trigger of eczema, let’s first understand what eczema is, and if eczema is the same as atopic dermatitis.</p><h2>What is eczema?</h2><p>Eczema can be referred to as the skin condition that is caused by inflammation and sensitivity. Atopic dermatitis, which mainly affects children and infants, is the most common form of eczema. While the exact cause of atopic dermatitis has still not been fully determined, it is believed to be associated with an abnormal immune system function which responses to certain triggers such as irritants or allergens.</p><p>There is a large variation of symptoms of atopic dermatitis, which may include red, itchy, dry and inflamed skin. In more severe cases of eczema, one’s skin may become swollen, blistered, and may even bleed. The symptoms usually occur on the neck, hands, feet and face, but it is possible that it can appear on any part of the body.</p><p>New clothes can potentially trigger atopic dermatitis in children through various mechanisms. One-way new clothes can trigger eczema is through the use of certain dyes or fabrics that may cause allergies or skin irritation. Synthetic fabrics, specifically, may cause irritation and friction against the skin, triggering the symptoms of eczema. Additionally, during the manufacturing process of these new clothes, there may be certain dyes or chemicals used which could trigger or even worsen eczema symptoms.</p><p>To help reduce the possibility of eczema being triggered by children’s clothing, here are three tips on how you can handle children’s clothing to combat atopic dermatitis in children:</p>

<h2>1. Ensure that there are no dust mites in new clothing through thorough cleaning</h2><p>Dust mites are one of the key reasons for the triggering of an allergy. It is easy for dust mites to appear on clothing if it is not stored properly. To help eliminate dust mites, you can wash the new clothes in hot water, to be exact, water above 55 degrees Celsius before wearing them. Alternatively, if the clothes are not able to be cleaned with heat, the clothing can be placed into an airtight bag and stored in the freezer for 24 hours. This will freeze the dust mites to death. After 24 hours, take the clothes out of the freezer and wash them with cold water.</p><h2>2. Cut off clothing labels</h2><p>Most clothing labels are sewn in sensitive positions such as at the waist or neck. Many times, the labels rub against the skin of children when they run and play, resulting in allergic reactions. To prevent atopic dermatitis from being triggered by children scratching because of the labels, it is recommended for parents to cut off the labels on the clothing and cover the sewn area.</p><h2>3. Wear costumes with “innerwear”</h2><p>It is often that many parents will buy costumes or festive clothing for their children to wear. However, most of these clothes are not made of breathable cotton material, therefore, sweat stays on the surface of the skin, easily triggering atopic eczema. Thus, by wearing cotton underwear as a base layer, it can not only help to absorb sweat, but also separate the skin from irritating material, reducing friction between the skin and the clothing.</p><h2>How can atopic dermatitis be treated?</h2><p>There are many different treatment methods for atopic dermatitis. This could include the use of oral or topical medications to reduce itching and inflammation, as well as to keep the skin hydrated using moisturizers. If is also recommended to avoid triggers of atopic dermatitis which could worsen symptoms, such as certain types of soaps, fabrics, or food.</p><p>The treatment of atopic dermatitis may include the use of topical or oral medications to reduce inflammation and itching, as well as moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated. Avoiding triggers that may exacerbate the symptoms, such as certain foods, soaps, or fabrics, may also be recommended. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan, it is important to consult a certified healthcare professional.</p><p>Patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis or eczema are more prone to viral skin infections such as herpes simplex virus. This is due to the presence of more open wounds on the patient’s skin. As such, this could worsen their eczema condition, resulting in more severe blisters, and in more serious cases, hospitalisation may be required. In such cases when patients need to go to hospitals for treatment, it is most likely that they may need to wait for a long time at public hospitals to get treated. By having comprehensive medical insurance, parents can afford to send their children to private hospitals so that treatment will be done more quickly. Medical insurance would help alleviate the financial burden on parents of sending their children to private hospitals.</p>

<p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p>

【濕疹】新衫或引發兒童異位性皮膚炎？ | Can new clothes trigger eczema in children?

Can new clothes trigger eczema in children? | FWD HK

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Have a low probability of complete recovery after stroke? Here are 5 major sequelae and treatment you can try

See what treatment is available after stroke.

Illnesses

<p>A stroke takes place when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or interrupted, resulting in brain damage. The chances of being able to recover completely after a stroke depends on a myriad of factors, such as the severity and location of the stroke, and the age and general health of the patient.</p><p>Unfortunately, the probability of complete recovery from a stroke is often rather low. Many stroke survivors experience permanent or long-term disabilities, known as sequelae. Below are five common sequelae of stroke and their treatments:</p><h2>1. Weakness or paralysis</h2><p>Stroke survivors experience weakness or even paralysis on one side of their body. They can improve their muscle strength and coordination though physical therapy and rehabilitation.</p><h2>2. Speech problems</h2><p>A stroke can result in difficulty with understanding, speaking or writing a language. Going for speech therapy could help to improve communication skills.</p><h2>3. Cognitive impairments</h2><p>Suffering from a stroke can also affect one’s cognitive function, which includes, problem-solving skills, memory, and attention span. These functions can be improved through cognitive rehabilitation.</p><h2>4. Emotional problems</h2><p>Experiencing anxiety, depression and other emotional problems after stroke is very common. Taking part in support groups, engaging in counselling and taking medications can help to manage these symptoms.</p><h2>5. Swallowing difficulties</h2><p>A stroke can affect one’s ability to swallow, which could result in aspiration pneumonia or choking. Dietary changes and speech therapy can help improve swallowing function.</p><p>Receiving appropriate medical care and rehabilitation as early as possible after a stroke is key in increasing their chances of recovery.</p>

<h2>Stroke Rehabilitation Golden Period<sup>1</sup></h2><p>In the unfortunate scenario where you suffer from the sequelae of stroke, you should seek rehabilitation treatment as early as possible. It is generally believed by the medical committee that the golden period for recovery is three months after a stroke. During this period of time, brain ischemia gradually improves, brain edema, haemorrhage and pressure slowly returns to normal. In fact, there is still a lot of recovery happening in brain conditions after the first three months. The first six months after a stroke are also a critical period for recovery.</p><p>During this stage of stoke treatment, the focus is to help restructure the brain’s internal structure and function, as well as teaching patients to relearn how to use their limbs. For stroke patients with more serious conditions, significant improvement can still be achieved with a longer training period.</p><h2>Stroke Rehabilitation Treatment<sup>2,3</sup></h2><p>Our brain has a self-remodelling characteristic, as such various trainings and stimulations can help rebuild the damaged brain neuron connection network, thereby restoring the stroke patient’s ability to take part in activities. One key method of stroke rehabilitation involves engaging in physical therapy. Physical therapy can help stroke patients to improve self-care abilities, relearn limb control skills and integrate back into their work and daily social life. Some examples of physical therapy include walking training and gait correction.</p><p>On top of physical therapy, stroke rehabilitation treatment also includes occupational therapy. This focuses on targeting training of cognitive abilities. For instance, selecting and designing suitable assistive equipment according to the patient's needs can improve their autonomy and independence in their daily life. Another stroke rehabilitation treatment is speech therapy, where it focuses on training various muscles in the oral cavity, helping to improve speech clarity and reduce swallowing difficulties.</p><h2>Do you have enough financial protection in case of a stroke?</h2><p>It is likely that stroke recovery requires a large amount of time, which could be a major impact on your work. Having a critical illness insurance plan can provide you with financial support, relieving you of your financial burden so you can focus on your recovery.</p>

<p></p><ol><li>Source: Doctor Now, “<em>[Stroke rehabilitation] Understanding post-stroke difficulties</em>”</li><li>Source: Rehabaid Society, “<em>Storke rehabilitation physiotherapy</em>”</li><li>Source: Hong Kong Adventist Hospital, “<em>Head stroke</em>”</li></ol><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p>

【中風】完全康復機率微？5大後遺症及治療 | Managing stroke with low chance of complete recovery

Managing stroke with low chance of complete recovery | FWD HK

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Exercise frequently? Here are some ways to reduce exercise injury

Learn 3 types of warmups to reduce injury.

Injury

<p>Most people know the importance of warming up before exercising, but do you know the correct way of warming up? We can lower our chance of injury by warming up before exercising. Our workout performance will suffer, and our risk of injury will rise, if we do not do our warm-up activities properly. The right methods for warming up, the proper progression for these exercises, and their advantages will all be covered in this blog post.</p><h2>Why are warm up exercises beneficial?</h2><p>Warm-up exercises help transition our body from resting to exercise mode as smoothly as possible through various warm-up activities. When carried out properly, these warm-up techniques can promote blood circulation, gradually raise heart rate and lower the risk of injury.</p><h2>Steps for a proper warm up</h2><p>There are three parts of a proper warm-up regimen, each part involves a steady increase in intensity from low to moderate and a gradual increase of heart rate from slow to fast. This cycle continues until our breathing and heart rate have risen notably.</p><h3>Part one: Basic warm up</h3><p>We can begin with some low-intensity warm-up exercises such as jumping jacks for around five minutes. This helps in promoting blood flow around our body and raises our body temperature. Doing so helps us in avoiding muscle stresses by allowing muscles to adapt into the workout condition smoothly.</p><h3>Part two: Static stretching</h3><p>Our body goes into a preheating once the initial warm-up is over. At this time, we should engage in static stretching exercises to help relax the muscles, improve the range of motion stretching the limbs, increase flexibility, and improve agility during activity. Stretching in place is a key component of static warm-up exercises. We should stretch progressively and hold the position for 30 to 60 seconds once you have reached your maximum range. Here are some simple warm-up exercises that focus on a variety of areas to meet the needs of diverse workout requirements:</p>

<table><thead><tr><th><p>Targeted muscles</p></th><th><p>Exercise</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Inner thigh</p></td><td><p>Sit cross-legged with your feet touching and straighten your waist. Then, firmly squeeze your thighs down while holding onto your feet with both hands.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Quadriceps</p></td><td><p>Stand upright and pull your left foot back until you feel a stretch. Ensure that the knee is parallel to the ground and hold it in place with your left hand while standing straight. Repeat the same motion with your right foot.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Back muscles</p></td><td><p>Kneel, sit on your heels and shift your weight back. Stretch both your arms and bend forward to try to touch the ground.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>Stretching before activity aims to relax the muscles instead of overstretching them. In the following circumstances, it is critical to be careful: You may need to practise easy rehabilitation exercises if you have a muscular injury. During warm-up activities, stretching too much could make the problem worse.</p><p>Blood vessels tend to contract in cold conditions, restricting blood flow to the muscles and limiting their capacity to stretch. During such scenarios, engaging in excessive stretching during warm-up can increase the danger of muscular strain.</p><h3>Step three: Dynamic stretching</h3><p>Dynamic stretching can be done after static stretching is completed to relax the muscles. In dynamic stretching, larger ranges of motion, faster rhythms, and repetition are done to increase muscle flexibility, boost metabolic processes, and prepare muscles for subsequent workouts. Here are some dynamic warm-up exercises you can do for around 5 minutes before beginning your workout.</p>

<h3>1. Squats</h3><p>Standing with your feet shoulder-width apart and your toes pointed forward, perform a squat. Clasp your hands collectively and visualize a chair behind you. Gently sit down, hold for three to five seconds, then stand up and repeat. Keep your upper body still and ensure your knees do not go past your toes.</p><h3>2. Hip joint external rotation</h3><p>Stand with one foot in front of the other and rotate your hips outward. Bend your leg forward gradually until it forms a 90-degree angle. Hold this posture for three to five seconds, then move to the other foot and carry out the same motion.</p><h3>3.Jumping in place</h3><p>Do not overextend yourself by bending your knees or jumping too high. Jump with both feet straight. In addition to stretching the Achilles tendon to lower the risk of damage, this action helps to activate the calf muscles.</p><p>Warm-up activities use low to moderate intensity movements to get the body ready for more strenuous physical activity. To know if you have performed enough warm-up exercises, though, could be challenging. How do you know if you have warmed up sufficiently? The Talk Test is a quick technique to determine whether your warm-up was adequate<sup>1</sup>. This test involves determining your ability to converse while performing the warm-up exercises.</p>

<table><thead><tr><th>Exercise intensity</th><th>Breathing level</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Low intensity</p></td><td><p>It is easy to breathe and sing</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Medium intensity</p></td><td><p>You can have a conversation and breathe normally</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>High intensity</p></td><td><p>It is difficult to speak, and your breathing is rapid</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>Cooling down after exercising is just as important as warming up beforehand</h2><p>To reduce the risk of injury, it is important to perform cooling down exercises. These exercises help gradually reduce the heart rate to a normal level and promote blood circulation in the muscles, preventing discomfort and pain from muscle stiffness and injury. The movements involved in cooling down exercises are like those in warm-up exercises. However, the speed and range of motion are usually slow to fast and large to small, respectively - in the opposite order of warm-up exercises. These exercises should be performed for approximately 10 minutes, followed by a 2-minute rest period once the body has cooled down<sup>2</sup>.</p><p>Even though warming up properly can help in reducing the chances of injury, it is not possible to prevent injuries completely. To enjoy your exercises and sports completely, purchasing personal accident insurance would help reduce any potential financial burden incurred from any injuries.</p>

<p></p><ol><li>Source: Formosa Cancer Foundation, “<em>Correct exercising concepts</em>”</li><li>Source: Student Health Service - HKSAR DOH, “<em>Exercise and Keep Fit</em>”, 2021</li></ol><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p>

【熱身運動】正確熱身順序及動態，減少運動受傷機會| Don’t skip warmups when exercising. Reduce injuries

Don’t skip warmups when exercising. Reduce injuries | FWD HK 

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Think you are suffering from an enlarged prostate? Here is a quick self-assessment check

Do a self-check with a simple questionnaire.

<p>As men get older, particularly over the age of 40, they may experience trouble urinating or more frequent urination. These symptoms, which could be associated with an enlarged prostate, may occur more frequently. In the following article, we will go through some symptoms of an enlarged prostate as well as go into the details of the procedures for doing a self-examination.</p><h2>What is the prostate?</h2><p>The prostate is a gland that is very important to the overall health of a man's urinary system. It oversees generating sperm as well as facilitating its movement from one place to another. With the appearance of a walnut, its surface is segmented into three distinct zones: the central zone, the transition zone, and the outer zone. The transition zone encompasses the urethra. If the prostate is irritated or enlarged, it can put pressure on the urethra, which can lead to urinary problems in males<sup>1</sup>.</p><h2>What are the symptoms of enlarged prostate?</h2><p>Males over the age of 40 have a greater risk of developing an enlarged prostate than younger men. According to a survey carried out in the United States, fifty percent of the male participants between the ages of 51 and 60 years old had an enlarged prostate. This percentage further soared to approximately 90 percent for men over the age of 80<sup>2</sup>. Although the size of a typical prostate is comparable to that of a chestnut<sup>3</sup>, the cause of prostate enlargement is still unknown. However, it is possible that age and changes in hormone levels in males are some causes of this condition<sup>1</sup>.</p><p>Urinary problems are rather prevalent in those who have an enlarged prostate, and it is essential to be aware of the following symptoms<sup>1</sup>:</p><ul><li>Having difficulty starting the urinating process</li><li><p>Sluggish discharge of urine</p></li><li><p>The act of urinating is followed by dribbling</p></li><li><p>A feeling that the bladder has not been completely emptied yet</p></li><li><p>Problems with keeping urine in the bladder</p></li><li><p>Frequent urination</p></li><li><p>Nighttime urinating that is far too frequent</p></li></ul><h2>Here is how you can assess your own prostate health</h2><p>The American Urological Association's "International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire (IPSS)," analyzes an individual’s monthly urinary patterns, and can be used to assess the condition of one’s prostate. On top of visiting the doctor for a prostate examination, you can also use this self-assessment below to assist you in learning more about the condition of your prostate<sup>4</sup>.</p>

<table><thead><tr><th><p></p></th><th><p>None</p></th><th><p>Less than 1/5 of the time</p></th><th><p>Less than half of the time</p></th><th><p>About half of the time</p></th><th><p>Almost every time</p></th><th><p>Incomplete emptying</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Unclear urination</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1</p></td><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>4</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Frequency of urination</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1</p></td><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>4</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Intermittent urination</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1</p></td><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>4</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Urgency of urination</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1</p></td><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>4</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Weak urine stream</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1</p></td><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>4</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Difficulty urinating</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1</p></td><td><p>2</p></td><td><p>3</p></td><td><p>4</p></td><td><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Number of times urinating at night</p></td><td><p>0</p></td><td><p>1 (Once)</p></td><td><p>2 (Twice)</p></td><td><p>3 (Thrice)</p></td><td><p>4 (Four times)</p></td><td><p>5 (Five times)</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The severity of prostate health issues can be estimated using self-assessment scores as follows:</p><ul><li>Mild prostate health problems are indicated by a score of 0 to 7.</li><li><p>A significant prostate health problem is indicated by a score of 8 to 19.</p></li><li><p>Severe prostate health problems are indicated by a score of 20 points or higher.</p></li></ul>

<h2>Prostate examination methods</h2><p>As prostate enlargement is typical in males over the age of 40, it is advised for these individuals to have regular hospital check-ups in addition to self-evaluation. The following are the examination techniques employed<sup>1</sup>:</p><ul><li>Digital rectal examination (DRE): A finger is inserted into the patient's rectum during a DRE, during which the doctor looks at the prostate's size, shape, and texture.</li><li><p>Urinalysis: Looks for indications of urethral hemorrhage or infection.</p></li><li><p>Prostate ultrasound scan: A prostate ultrasound scan involves looking at the prostate's size, the bladder's capacity, whether stones are there, and whether malignancies might be present.</p></li><li><p>Urine flow rate measurement: Measures the rate at which urine is discharged while utilizing a device to look for prostate enlargement.</p></li><li><p>Blood test: With a blood test, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level can be checked to see if the patient has an elevated level.</p></li></ul><h2>Treatment methods for an enlarged prostate</h2><p>It is advised to routinely monitor the possibility of suffering from an enlarged prostate through checkups for those at risk or those who only exhibit modest symptoms. Significant prostate enlargement can be treated with medication, but severe cases may require surgery, including minimally invasive procedures like transurethral resection of the prostate and transurethral incision of the prostate<sup>1</sup>. While the latter relaxes the urethra by creating an incision at the bladder neck, the former immediately removes the enlarged prostate portion using a charged metal coil.</p><p>Open surgery, in which the doctor creates an incision in the lower abdomen to remove the enlarged prostate tissue, is appropriate for people with significant prostate enlargement or problems such as bladder stones.</p><p>It might be difficult to prevent prostate issues, and any man is at risk of getting them. Some serious consequences of an enlarged prostate include prostate inflammation and even prostate cancer. Bacterial infections are the main cause of prostatitis; minor cases may have no symptoms, whilst severe cases may result in excruciating pain and other consequences<sup>5</sup>. The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age, making it the third most frequent cancer in men in Hong Kong<sup>6</sup>. Early signs of prostate cancer may not be obvious and could also be mistaken for prostate enlargement. However, when cancer cells move to other organs, it can produce other signs such as bloody coughing fits and back pain<sup>7</sup>.</p><p>In the unfortunate event that you are diagnosed with a prostate issue, it is important to go for regular checkups and have long-term medical care. The financial burden of hefty medical bills might be reduced with comprehensive cancer medical insurance coverage.</p>

<ol><li>Source: HK Urological Association, “<em>Benign prostatic hyperplasia</em>”, 2014</li><li>Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, “<em>Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)</em>” ，2014</li><li>Source: The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, “<em>Prostatic hyperplasia</em>”</li><li>Source: HK Urological Association, “<em>International Prostate Symptom Score</em>”</li><li>Source: HK Urological Association, “<em>Prostatitis</em>”, 2014</li><li>Source: Centre for Health Protection, “<em>Prostate cancer</em>”, 2022</li><li>Source: HK Urological Association, “<em>Prostate cancer</em>”, 2014</li></ol><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p>

【前列腺肥大】小便無力？排尿困難？自我評估檢查 | Do you have symptoms of an enlarged prostate?

Do you have symptoms of an enlarged prostate? | FWD HK

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Understanding kidney diseases and the common methods of kidney dialysis

<p>Kidney disease is one of the most common chronic diseases in Hong Kong, ranking sixth among the top 10 fatal diseases in Hong Kong in 2020<sup>1</sup>. Many people tend to ignore the early signs of kidney disease and the early symptoms are usually not obvious. By the time they realise that they have kidney disease, the disease may be so serious they are required to undergo dialysis. What are some treatments for kidney disease? What are the different ways kidney disease patients can choose for dialysis? We will share some comprehensive information on dialysis in this article.</p><h2>Do all kidney disease patients require dialysis?</h2><p>The kidney is said to be the regulator of our body. It is responsible for cleansing the blood of toxins and helps transform the waste into urine. The kidney also coordinates and balances the body's blood pressure, water, electrolytes, and so on. If the kidney function is damaged, it could lead to other diseases such as high blood pressure and hematuria. Kidney failure can be divided into acute and chronic kidney failure. Acute kidney failure can cause the kidney function to deteriorate suddenly in a short period of time, within hours to days. If the condition of the kidney is not improved after finding the cause, emergency dialysis will be needed. Chronic kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are damaged for more than three months.</p><p>Patients suffering from early chronic kidney disease can turn to medication or dietary control to slow down the disease. However, if the condition worsens and the kidney function continues to decline, dialysis may be required. In general, if the kidney function drops to less than 15% and complications cannot be controlled by medication, dialysis may be required. The severity of chronic kidney failure is divided into the following four levels according to the kidney function index<sup>2</sup>.</p>

<table><thead><tr><th><p>Degree of kidney failure</p></th><th><p>Kidney function index</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Renal insufficiency</p></td><td><p>51% - 80%</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Renal impairment</p></td><td><p>25% - 50%</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Renal failure</p></td><td><p>15% - 25%</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>End-stage renal failure</p></td><td><p>10-15%</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The symptoms of kidney disease are usually not obvious in the initial stages. Many patients with kidney failure often only discover their illness in the end stage when their kidney function index is less than 15%. At this stage, their kidneys are no longer able to effectively cleanse their blood from toxins properly. As kidneys are unable to recover after losing their function, a common treatment method for end-stage kidney failure patients is kidney transplant.</p><h2>Methods of kidney dialysis</h2><p>Kidney dialysis refers to the treatment of kidney failure, which is divided into: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.</p><h3>Hemodialysis</h3><p>Hemodialysis, also known as "blood dialysis,” refers to the use of a dialysis machine to extract blood from the patient's body, guiding the blood to an artificial kidney on the hemodialysis machine. Toxins or waste in the blood that were unable to be removed due to kidney failure are filtered out using dialysis fluid. The blood will then be transported back into the body.</p><h3>Peritoneal dialysis</h3><p>Peritoneal dialysis, also called "belly wash", is a treatment that can be performed at home. A permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter can be surgically implanted into the abdominal cavity. By injecting dialysis fluid through the catheter, the peritoneum can be used as a replacement for the kidney to remove excess waste and water from the body. The peritoneum is a thin membrane that covers the organs in the abdominal and contains many small blood vessels.</p><h2>Is hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis more commonly used?</h2><p>According to data from the Hong Kong government since 2014, the number of people receiving hemodialysis or home peritoneal dialysis in public hospitals has continued to rise. In 2019, the number of people receiving hemodialysis reached 1,570, while the number of people receiving peritoneal dialysis was 4,543<sup>3</sup>.</p><p>Both kidney disease treatments have their own pros and cons. Below is a rough comparison on the pros and cons of the two treatments</p>

<table><colgroup data-width='647'><col style="width:21.947449768160745%"/><col style="width:78.05255023183926%"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th><p>Haemodialysis</p></th><th><p>&nbsp;</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Duration</p></td><td><p>Patients will need to head down to the blood dialysis centre at least three times a week. Each dialysis runs for around 3 to 4 hours.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Pros</p></td><td><p>It may be quicker and more effective in removing water and toxins from the blood as compared to peritoneal dialysis.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Cons</p></td><td><p></p><p></p><ul><li>Haemodialysis is a more complicated process and requires professional nursing staff to operate. Patients will need to go down to the centre to receive treatment which could affect their daily life.</li><li><p>Additionally, blood must be drawn from the patient before each haemodialysis session, causing more pain for kidney disease patients.</p></li><li><p>If dehydration takes place too much and too quickly at once, it could cause complications such as headaches and muscle spasms during haemodialysis.</p></li></ul><p></p><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><colgroup data-width='657'><col style="width:24.65753424657534%"/><col style="width:75.34246575342466%"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th><p>Peritoneal dialysis</p></th><th><p>&nbsp;</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Duration</p></td><td><p>The dialysis will need to be performed 4 to 5 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Pros</p></td><td><p></p><p>Patients and their family members can perform peritoneal dialysis at home by themselves after being trained by a nurse. They have the flexibility to choose the time for their dialysis, which can effectively reduce the physical and mental burden on patients and caregivers caused by frequent visits to hospitals or haemodialysis centres. Patients generally do not experience pain during this process.</p><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Cons</p></td><td><ul><li>Performing peritoneal dialysis at home could run the risk of an infection if the environment at home is not clean. If bacteria were to enter the abdomen through the dialysis tube, complications such as peritonitis could arise.</li><li><p>If dehydration takes place too much and too quickly at once, it could cause complications such as headaches and muscle spasms during haemodialysis.</p></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>How do you do kidney dialysis at home?</h2><p>Many kidney disease patients hope to be able to do dialysis at home to save some time travelling to the dialysis centre. Two types of peritoneal dialysis can be done at home<sup>2</sup>: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD).</p><p>CAPD costs less, but more time and effort are needed to do the dialysis. The patient will need to manually inject approximately 2 litres of dialysis fluid into the abdomen and leave it in the abdomen for 6-8 hours before draining out the used fluid. The draining out of fluid would take about an hour and needs to be repeated 3-4 times a day.</p><p>On the other hand, APD is more convenient. The patient can connect to the APD machine before going to bed, and the machine will automatically drain the dialysis fluid when the patient is sleeping. This allows the patient to perform dialysis while resting without disrupting their daily activities.</p><h2>How much does an APD machine cost?</h2><p>APD is the most convenient treatment for chronic kidney failure patients compared to other methods. The popularity of home dialysis has also increased in recent years. There was an increase of approximately 14% of kidney patients receiving APD at home<sup>3</sup>. However, the cost of an APD machine is not cheap. According to the Hong Kong Kidney Foundation, it can cost as much as HK$84,000<sup>4</sup>, which is likely to be unaffordable for most people. Although some hospitals have rental programs for dialysis machines, the quota available for rent is limited. The cost of renting from private dialysis centres is also not cheap and can cost up to tens of thousands of Hong Kong dollars per month. Therefore, purchasing or even renting a dialysis machine can be a long-term financial burden without purchasing medical insurance. Some medical insurance plans in the market cover the cost of renting a home dialysis machine, such as FWD vPrime Medical Plan<sup>5</sup>, which fully covers the kidney dialysis benefit and allows reimbursement for the rental cost of the home dialysis machine.</p>

<p></p><ol><li>Source: Centre for Health Protection, "M<em>ortality rate from leading cause of death, 2001-2020</em>"</li><li>Source: Smart Patient, “<em>Chronic renal failure</em>”</li><li>Source: HKSAR government press release, “<em>LCQ19: Financial support for patients of end-stage renal failure</em>”, 2019</li><li>Source: HK Kidney Foundation, “<em>Home automatic peritoneal dialysis</em>”</li><li>FWD vPrime Medical Plan is a Flexi Plan certified by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (the “Government”) under the Voluntary Health Insurance Scheme (“VHIS”) (Certification Number: F00045) and is underwritten by FWD Life Insurance Company (Bermuda) Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) ("FWD Life/ FWD/We").</li></ol><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p>

【腎衰竭就要洗肚？】洗腎原因及常見洗腎方法比較 | Understanding kidney diseases and the common methods of kidney dialysis

The ABCs of kidney disease and dialysis | FWD HK

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How to prevent and relieve nasal allergy in children

<p>The incidence of nasal allergies among children aged 6-7 and 13-14 last year was over 46%, which was higher than the global average<sup>1</sup>. A significant number of children in Hong Kong suffer from nasal allergies, and statistics show that this condition affects the greatest number of children in Hong Kong than anywhere else in the world. Although nasal allergy surgery is a possibility, there are other methods to reduce the symptoms and prevent nasal congestion, allowing children to be free from the discomfort of allergies.</p><h2>What are the symptoms of nasal allergies?</h2><p>Itching, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, delayed sense of smell, red and itchy eyes, and watery eyes are just a few of the symptoms that can result from nasal allergies. Nasal allergies are brought on by allergic stimuli that affect the nasal mucosa. There is also a chance that other allergies, like eczema or asthma, will occur at the same time<sup>2</sup>.</p><p>While the symptoms of nasal allergies and the common cold are very similar, the nature and the timing of these symptoms are rather different. Most nasal allergies occur in the morning and evening, or due to a change in temperature or environment. The nasal discharge of an allergy is usually clear. On the other hand, the common cold can continue for several days, and the nasal discharge is often thicker. Moreover, the common cold could be followed by other symptoms like sore throat and fever. Children who experience nasal allergies often experience symptoms such as a runny nose and nasal congestion upon waking and before sleeping<sup>3</sup>.</p><h2>Three major allergens that causes nasal allergies</h2><p>Dust mites, cockroaches, and animal hair are the three main allergens that frequently cause nasal allergies in children<sup>4</sup>. Dust mites are the most common allergen, with 95% of people who have nasal allergies being allergic to them<sup>5</sup>. Children are routinely exposed to dust mites through their bedding, pillows, blankets, carpets, and stuffed animals, which might make them more susceptible to nasal allergies.</p><p>It might be difficult to control symptoms like persistent sneezing and a runny nose in kids who have nasal sensitivity. Here are seven emergency remedies listed below to relieve these symptoms:</p>

<table><thead><tr><th><p>Symptom</p></th><th><p>Relief method</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Runny nose</p></td><td><p></p><p>Wash your nose with saline solution to remove allergen and secretions from the nasal cavity to maintain the moisture in the nasal mucosa</p><p></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Sneezing</p></td><td><p>An air purifier can be used to reduce the dust and allergens in the surroundings</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nasal congestion</p></td><td><ul><li>Use a hot towel to compress the nasal mucosa, which will open up the nasal cavity and make it simpler to hydrate and expel the heavy mucus.</li><li><p>Breathe in some steam to moisturize the nasal cavity</p></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td><p>Red and itchy eyes</p></td><td><p><p>Redness and swelling can be reduced by applying ice to the affected area to help constrict the blood vessels</p></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>6 ways to prevent children from developing nasal allergies</h2><p>Parents can take precautions to reduce the likelihood of their children getting triggered by allergies to prevent their children from suffering from nasal allergies all day. The actions listed below can be taken:</p><h3>1. Keep the house tidy</h3><p>The most effective technique to reduce allergies is through frequent cleaning. Bedding, curtains, and bed linens should all be changed frequently to avoid dust gathering. To completely remove dust without spreading it, use a vacuum cleaner. To reduce the exposure of youngsters to allergies, store woolen garments or dusty stuffed animals in sealed plastic bags.</p><h3>2. Wash bedding with hot water that is at least 55 degrees</h3><p>Although dust mites are a major contributor to nasal allergies, they can be removed from bedding by washing it in 55°C hot water for at least 10 minutes. To avoid exposing bedding to allergens like pollen and dust, dry bedding at a high temperature right after washing it<sup>4</sup>.</p><h3>3. Maintain the indoor humidity to below 50%</h3><p>Humid atmospheres encourage the proliferation of dust mites, which favour damp settings. Dust mites can be efficiently eliminated by reducing interior humidity with a dehumidifier or air conditioning.</p><h3>4. Periodically change the dust filters on your heater or air conditioner</h3><p>If left unused for a long time, air conditioners or heaters could grow mold. To stop dust from blowing out when the unit is turned on, clean the dust filter frequently<sup>2</sup>.</p><h3>5. Promote restful sleep practices</h3><p>Instruct kids to avoid forcefully spreading their bedding while they sleep to prevent dust from rising. To lessen the likelihood of inducing nasal allergies, give the dust some time to settle after making the bed<sup>2</sup>.</p><h3>6. Eliminate allergies from the house</h3><p>Avoid using indoor carpeting and growing plants or flowers. To reduce the exposure of kids to allergies, swap plush toys with plastic ones. To lessen animal allergens in the house, bathe your pets a couple of times a week and deep clean your house frequently.</p><p>As everyone’s physical condition is different, one should always consult a doctor or medical professional before using any of the suggested methods.</p>

<p></p><ol><li>Source: HKU, “<em>Survey findings on prevalence of allergic diseases among Hong Kong primary and secondary schoolchildren</em>”, 2022</li><li>Source: Student Health Service - HKSAR DOH, “<em>Allergic Rhinitis</em>”</li><li>Source: HK Baptist Hospital, “<em>About nasal allergies</em>”</li><li>Source: Centre for Allergy and Asthma Care, “<em>Common causes of allergies</em>”</li><li>Source: HKU School of Nursing, “<em>Nasal Allergies</em>”</li></ol><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p>

【小朋友鼻敏感】如何預防及舒緩鼻敏感？| Breath easy and relieve nasal allergies in children

Breath easy and relieve nasal allergies in children | FWD HK

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5 tips to reduce snoring

Learn 5 tips for a better night’s sleep.

Medical Protection

<p>Snoring is a common problem that prevents us from getting a restful night's sleep. It is not only disruptive to our quality of sleep, but it may also point to problems with our respiratory system. In certain circumstances, it might also affect the quality of sleep that our family gets. Snoring can potentially cause a condition called sleep apnea in extreme circumstances.</p><h2>What are some reasons behind snoring?</h2><p>Snoring occurs when the soft tissues in the upper airway and the throat relax during sleep, which results in a narrow airway and obstructs the flow of air. This relaxation can be heard as a rattling sound. The sound of snoring is produced by the relaxed tissues vibrating and causing sound waves. The snoring would be even louder if the obstruction of the airways was more severe. It is possible that sleep apnea will develop if the condition is not treated.</p><h2>What kind of people are more likely to have a snoring problem?</h2><p>Individuals who have the following characteristics are more likely to snore than others<sup>1,2</sup>:</p><ul><li>Obesity</li><li>A swollen tongue or nasal turbinate</li><li>Long nasal polyps</li><li>Sensitive nose</li></ul><p>Since snoring typically happens when a person is in a deep slumber, it may be difficult for them to realize that they are making that sound. It is critical to make people who snore aware of their situation so they can take corrective measures in a timely manner.</p><h2>Here are five things that can help cut down on your nighttime snoring:</h2><h3>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjust your sleeping position for the better</h3><p>Snoring can be effectively treated by switching to a position that allows for less obstruction of the airway, such as sleeping on your side. When sleeping on your side, you might also try using a pillow designed to prevent snoring, or you could put a tennis ball or another object of a comparable size behind your back instead of a pillow. This causes discomfort if you roll onto your back while sleeping, which encourages resting on one's side instead of their stomach.</p><h3>2. Reduce your weight</h3><p>Snoring can be caused by a number of factors, one of which is obesity. Being overweight can cause excess fat to strain on your throat, which can make it difficult for you to breathe<sup>3</sup>. Snoring can be alleviated to some degree by maintaining a healthy weight through careful dietary management and consistent physical activity.</p><h3>3. Before going to sleep, make sure that your nasal passages are clear</h3><p>Keeping your nasal passages free is another method that can help you cut down on your snoring. If you suffer from nasal congestion, you might want to try washing your nose with some saline solution before going to bed to avoid mucus from obstructing your airway while you are sleeping<sup>3</sup>.</p><h3>4. Reduce your usage of alcoholic beverages and smoking.</h3><p>Snoring can be reduced in some people by avoiding smoking and drinking in the hours leading up to bedtime. These activities might produce swelling in the throat<sup>3</sup>, which can make it difficult to breathe properly.</p><h3>5. Employ suitable sleep aids</h3><p>Discover the anti-snoring remedies that are accessible on the market that are most appropriate for your body. The following are a few instances of such aids as well as their respective uses.×✓</p><p></p><table><colgroup data-width='680'><col style="width:37.2059%"/><col style="width:62.7941%"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th><span>Anti-snoring aid</span></th><th><span>Function of aid&nbsp;</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Anti-snoring mouthpiece&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>Stabilises the tongue position during sleep, preventing it from slipping and blocking your breathing.</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nasal sprays and nasal strips&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>Moisturises the airways, reduces nasal congestion, allowing air to smoothly enter the nasal cavity.</p><p><br /><br /></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Anti-snoring headband&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>Closes your mouth when you sleep to help correct the habit of mouth breathing during sleep, encouraging nose breathing instead.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>How does snoring affect your health?&nbsp;</h2><p>Besides reducing sleep quality, snoring can also affect one’s work and mental efficiency.&nbsp; If it is left untreated for a long period, the risk of developing sleep apnea increases. Suffering from sleep apnea increases the risk of developing fatal chronic diseases such as heart diseases, stroke and hypertension<sup>3</sup>. The negative effect of snoring is not only a problem for adults, but also for children. Snoring is not just a challenge for adults, the problem of children snoring cannot be ignored. According to research done in Hong Kong, children who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea are 2.5 times more likely to develop cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.</p><h2>Does snoring always lead to sleep apnea?</h2><p>Not all snoring causes sleep apnea. To find out if you are at risk of developing sleep apnea, you can get your family members to pay attention to your snoring patterns. Some snoring patterns include a sudden quietness followed by a continuation of snoring after a while. Additionally, people suffering from sleep apnea have the habit of breathing through their mouths while sleeping, and their breathing may pause intermittently many times each hour, with each pause lasting for tens of seconds. They could also experience symptoms such as headache, daytime sleepiness, and memory impairment when they wake up<sup>2</sup>.&nbsp;</p>

<p></p><ol><li>Source: Union Hospital, "<em>Frequently Asked Questions - Nose</em>"</li><li>Source: Union Hospital, "<em>Snoring and Sleep Apnea</em>"</li><li>Source: Hong Kong Asthma Society, "<em>Sleep apnea increases heart disease risk</em>"</li><li>Source: CUHK Faculty of Medicine, "<em>CU Medicine Study Shows Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Adulthood</em>", 2019</li></ol><p></p><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p><p></p>

【打鼻鼾】原因大解構，5招改善鼻鼾聲 | 5 tips to reduce snoring

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5 tips to reduce snoring | FWD HK

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What are the symptoms of early and late stages of nose cancer? 

CI Protection

<p>Smoking is one of the main causes of cancer<sup>1</sup>. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, also known as nose cancer, is a common type of cancer<sup>2</sup>. The initial symptoms of nose cancer are remarkably like that of colds and nasal allergies, so they are often ignored. The following article will explain the symptoms of nose cancer in detail, as well as provide a simple method you can use to conduct self-examination for nose cancer.&nbsp;</p><h2>What is Nasopharyngeal Cancer?</h2><p>The nasopharynx is a necessary part of the respiratory tract. It is located at the end of the nasal cavity at the center of the head and connected to the throat<sup>3</sup>. A nasopharyngeal tumor occurs when a malignant tumor forms on the surface of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and destroys the adjacent tissues. As the nasopharynx is connected to the lymph glands on both sides of the neck<sup>4</sup>, nasopharyngeal carcinoma may spread to the lymph nodes of the neck and even other organs after a nasopharyngeal carcinoma is formed<sup>5</sup>. It is usually difficult for patients to realise that they may have this disease as the location of the nasopharynx is often hidden. Furthermore, some symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are similar to common respiratory diseases such as rhinitis and sinusitis.&nbsp;</p><h2>What are the causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma?</h2><p>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common head and neck cancer in Hong Kong. Studies have shown that close to 80% of nasopharyngeal cancer patients worldwide are from Asia<sup>3</sup>, especially in southern China coastal areas such as Hong Kong and Guangdong. The causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be divided mainly into the following three aspects:</p><ol><li>Family genetics: If you have any immediate family members such as your parents or siblings who have been diagnosed with nose cancer, you are likely to have a higher chance of developing nose cancer as compared to the average person.&nbsp;</li><li>Viral infection: One of the more common causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the Epstein-Barr virus. Even though the Epstein-Barr virus is common all over the world, it usually only causes mild cold-like symptoms<sup>6</sup>, making it difficult to detect.</li><li>Unhealthy living habits: Engaging in an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, eating smoked and preserved food such as instant noodles, the risk of developing nose cancer is likely to be higher<sup>7</sup>. Some studies have also pointed out that frequent exposure to burning incense candles<sup>8</sup> or exposure to high concentration of formaldehyde<sup>9</sup> could also cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma.&nbsp;</li></ol>

<h2>Self-examination for nose cancer</h2><p>Here are some early symptoms of nose cancer and some ways that you can do a quick preliminary self-examination<sup>3</sup>:&nbsp;</p><ol><li>Runny or study nose</li><li>Nosebleeds or phlegm with red clots or dark red streaks&nbsp;</li><li>Tinnitus, partial deafness or hearing loss<sup>5</sup></li><li>Unexplained headaches&nbsp;</li><li>Appearance of painless lump in neck lymph nodes&nbsp;</li><li>Sudden paralysis of the face&nbsp;</li></ol><p>As the initial symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are almost the same as respiratory diseases, it is oftentimes difficult to detect and easily underestimated. Thus, in many cases, treatment is often delayed and the key period for treatment is missed. To better protect ourselves, we can also go for nose cancer screenings, such as the EVB DNA serum test (also known as nasopharyngeal cancer virus antibody test). Going for cancer screening to help with early detection and early treatment of the disease can help to increase the chances of survival.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><h2>What are the differences at each stage of nose cancer?</h2><p>The stage of nose cancer is diagnosed by doctors according to the size of the tumor, the extent of its influence and whether it has spread across the body or to other lymph nodes. Below is a brief description of nose cancer development from stage 1 to 4<sup>10</sup>.&nbsp;</p><table><colgroup data-width='663'><col style="width:22.473599999999998%"/><col style="width:51.885400000000004%"/><col style="width:25.641000000000002%"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th><span>Stage&nbsp;</span></th><th><span>Disease progression</span></th><th><span>5-year survival rate</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><p>Stage 1</p></td><td><p>There is a tumor growth in the nasopharynx. Surrounding tissues have not been invaded.&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>More than 92%</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Stage 2&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>The tissues on the side of the pharynx have been invaded by the tumor.&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>More than 83%</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Stage 3</p></td><td><p>Cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes on both sides of the neck.&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>More than 77%</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Stage 4&nbsp;</p></td><td><p>The tumor has spread to distant locations, such as the brain, bones, or invaded the nerves that control the head and neck. It may have also spread to the lymph nodes in the collarbone area. At this stage, the symptoms are obvious, and lymph nodes can swell to over 6 cm.</p></td><td><p>About 47%</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In general, the rate at which cancer spreads increases as the disease progresses. After the doctor determines a patient’s approximate survival time left, it is important to monitor the nasopharyngeal cancer index closely and notice any changes in the patient’s condition. It is also essential to select an appropriate treatment plan.&nbsp;</p><p></p><p>When being diagnosed with nose cancer or any other cancer, having insurance can help give you&nbsp;peace of mind and reduce the financial burden from medical expenses.&nbsp;</p>

<p></p><p></p><ol><li><span>Source: HKSAR</span><span><span> Cancer Online Resource </span><span>Hub</span></span><span><span>,</span> <span>"</span></span><span><span><em>Lung</em></span><em></em><span><em> Cancer</em></span></span><span><span>"</span><span>, </span><span>2022</span></span></li><li>Source: <span>Centre for Health Protection</span>, "<em>Nasopharyngeal Cancer</em>", 2022</li><li>Source: <span><span>HK Anti-Cancer </span><span>Socie</span></span><span>ty</span><span>, </span>"<em>Nasopharyngeal Cancer</em>"<span>, 2021</span></li><li>Source: <span>HK Cancer </span><span>Fund, </span>"<em>Nasopharyngeal Cancer</em>"<span>, 2017</span></li><li><span>Source: </span><span><span>HK Cancer </span><span>Fund, </span></span>"<em>Understanding Nasopharyngeal Cancer</em>"<span></span><span>, 2017</span></li><li><span><span>Source: Smart </span><span>Patient, </span></span>"<em>Nasopharyngeal Cancer</em>", 2022<span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><span><span>Source: Centre for Health </span><span>Protection, "<em>Common</em></span><em></em><span><em> Male Sicknesses - Nasopharyngeal Cancer</em></span></span><span>"<span>, 2020</span></span><span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><span><span>Source: Centre for Health </span><span>Protection, "<em>Nasopharyngeal</em></span><em></em><span><em> Cancer Prevention &amp; Screening</em>", 2019</span></span><span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><span>Source: </span><span><span>National Institutes of </span><span>Health, "<em>Formaldehyde</em></span>"<span>, 2019</span></span><span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><span><span><span>Source: HK Hospital </span><span>Authority, "</span><em></em></span><em></em></span><em></em><span><em></em><span><em></em><span><em>2019 HK Cancer Statistics Overview</em></span></span></span><span>"<span>, 20</span></span><span>21</span><span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ol><p></p><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p><p></p>

【鼻咽癌】初期及末期症状？不同期數的存活率？ | From early to late: All about nose cancer

From early to late: all about nose cancer | FWD HK

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Understanding the symptoms of coronary heart disease

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<p>According to statistics from the Hong Kong Department of Health, in 2020, there were as many as 6,561 deaths caused by heart disease<sup>1</sup>. Many young people may stay up late or indulge in excessive eating and drinking as they think that their bodies are capable of doing so. However, as they engage in such behaviour, they are unknowingly triggering the ticking time bomb of coronary heart disease.</p><p>In recent years, the number of cases of coronary heart diseases and deaths related to it has been increasing. The number of coronary heart diseases cases has even exceeded other types of heart diseases<sup>2</sup>. There has also been an increasing trend of young people getting diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Our lifestyle habits, dietary habits and aging are some factors which affect our risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease. In this article we will learn about some symptoms of heart disease and how critical illness insurance can protect you financially.&nbsp;</p><h2>What is coronary heart disease?</h2><p>Coronary heart disease, which is also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition where the coronary arteries narrow or become blocked. The coronary arteries supply the necessary oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. This blockage or narrowing of the arteries is usually a result of the accumulation of fat on the inner walls of the arteries, damaging the myocardium and eventually resulting in coronary heart disease.</p><p></p><p>Some conditions that could result from coronary heart disease could include angina and heart attack. A severe heart attack could result in abnormal heartbeats and even death. This is why it is important to know how to reduce the possibility of developing the disease, and not just its prevention and treatment.&nbsp;</p><h2>Causes of coronary heart disease</h2><p>The increasing number of cases of coronary heart disease among younger people is closely related to their modern urban lifestyle. This includes an unhealthy diet, high mental strength, and lack of exercise due to long working hours. Other factors like obesity, smoking and genetics can also induce coronary heart disease<sup>3</sup>.</p><h2>Symptoms of coronary heart disease</h2><p>Coronary heart disease usually develops slowly across several years and is often overlooked, with some patients not displaying any symptoms of coronary heart disease<sup>1</sup>. As many of the symptoms of the disease are dismissed as normal, many do not realise that they may be suffering from it. Some examples of such symptoms include chest tightness and shortness of breath during exercise. This could be a sign of blocked heart vessels.&nbsp; In serious cases, individuals may experience chest pains, dizziness, or even a sudden onset of heart disease. Thus, you should remain vigilant if you experience any of the following symptoms:</p><h3>Angina</h3><p>Angina is a type of chest tightness or pain which is occasionally accompanied by breathing difficulties and shortness of breath due to a blockage of blood supply to the arteries in the heart.&nbsp; It usually takes place when the patient is angry or walking and could also be triggered by the weather or what they ate. Those who have angina tend to have a higher risk of sudden heart disease.&nbsp;</p><h3>Myocardial infarction</h3><p>Severe pain at the central position of the chest which can feel like severe indigestion is a common symptom of a heart attack. The symptoms of myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, can either occur suddenly or take place gradually over time.</p><h3>Arrhythmia</h3><p>Patients may experience palpitations, which are trembling or pounding heartbeat and even irregular heartbeats. Although palpitations are a symptom of coronary heart disease, this feeling of discomfort in the heart is rather common and may not always be a cause for but this feeling of discomfort in the heart is common and does not need to lead to unwarranted anxiety.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><h3>Heart failure</h3><p>Heart failure occurs when the heart loses its ability to pump blood to various parts of the body. Coronary heart disease causes the heart function to weaken slowly, leading to heart failure. Some common symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, swelling of the feet and fatigue.&nbsp;</p>

<h2>What health checks should you do if you feel discomfort in the heart?&nbsp;</h2><p>Although coronary heart disease is not an immediate threat to your life, you should let your guard down if you experience any of the symptoms above.&nbsp; If you suspect that you have coronary heart disease, you should immediately check with your doctor. Your doctor will likely get you to take one of the following tests for the appropriate diagnosis.&nbsp;</p><ul><li>Blood tests</li><li>Electrocardiogram (ECG)</li><li>Echocardiogram</li><li>Cardiac catheterization</li><li>Nuclear stress test</li><li>Chest X-ray</li><li>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</li><li>Electrophysiological examination</li></ul><p>If you think that you may be suffering from a heart problem, you could consider going for a comprehensive heart check-up. During this diagnosis stage, you may already be required to pay for heart disease testing fees such as coronary angiography. The cost of such tests is not cheap and could amount to HK$10,000 or more. Even though the costs of checkups may not be cheap, going for such checkups is important as early detection is the key to prevention. Avoiding potential risks would be the best way to cope with the economic burden which suffering from heart disease may bring about.&nbsp;</p><p>What should you do if you have heart problems? Here are three major treatments for coronary heart disease<sup>3</sup>:</p><ul><li>Drug therapy: Anti-ischemic treatment, anti-thrombotic treatment, and antiplatelet therapy are some of the main treatments for coronary heart disease.&nbsp;</li></ul><ul><li>Interventional therapy: Interventional therapy involves using minimally invasive procedures to open blocked arteries and improve blood flow. Some examples of such procedures include stent implantation and angioplasty.</li></ul><ul><li>Coronary artery bypass surgery: A surgical procedure involving the creation of a new route for blood to flow around a blocked or narrowed artery in the heart.&nbsp;</li></ul><h2>Medical Treatment</h2><p>Drug therapy for coronary heart disease mainly involves anti-ischemic therapy to reverse or delay the advancement of coronary artery vascular disease. It also helps in improving the heart’s function and treating other ischemic-related complications.</p><p>Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin may be prescribed by doctors to help protect the heart and prevent a heart attack. Such heart medications may also be used to lower one’s heart load and manage the conditions of those with coronary heart disease. Doctors may also prescribe cholesterol-lowering drugs to reduce the chance of atherosclerosis. It is essential to seek advice from your doctor before taking any medications.&nbsp;</p><h2>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)</h2><p>PCI, also known as the “stent” surgery involves the use of catheter technology to insert a coronary artery stent together with a balloon into the blocked heart blood vessel. The balloon will help to open up the blocked blood vessel, expanding it to increase blood flow. This coronary artery stent will ensure the blood vessel channel is maintained. The cost of such surgeries in private hospitals is approximately HK$100,000 to HK$300,000, while the cost of it in a public hospital is approximately HK$40,000 to HK$80,000, depending on the cost of consumables such as the balloon and stent<sup>4</sup>.</p><h2>Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)</h2><p>CABG, also known as "bypass surgery," is a procedure that involves the creation of a new bypass for blood to flow from other parts of the patient’s body such as blood vessels from their leg to their own heart. By doing so, the narrow coronary artery is bypassed, allowing more blood to be supplied to the heart. As bypass surgery is a highly invasive large-scale surgery, the recovery time is usually much longer.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><h2>How can you protect yourself from high medical expenses for chronic diseases?&nbsp;</h2><p>With the advancements in medical technology, there are many new types of technologies that can help in slowing the progression of diseases. However, the cost of medical care is also increasing gradually. Some high expenses items associated with coronary heart disease include surgery fees, treatment fees and examination fees.</p><p></p><p>Coronary heart disease is a severe medical condition that requires early treatment and recovery. Additionally, patients with this condition may face many post-operative expenses, such as prolonged period of unemployment, and the need for extended periods of care and medical expenses. This could bring about a significant amount of economic burden on patients as well as their families.</p>

<p></p><ol><li>Source: HK Department of Health Elderly Health Service, "<em>Coronary Heart Disease</em>", 2020</li><li>Source: Healthy HK, "<em>Main Cause of Death – Coronary Heart Disease</em>", 2020</li><li>Source: Smart Patient, "<em>Disease Management – Coronary Heart Disease</em>", 2021</li><li>Source: Care for Your Heart, "<em>How to choose between PCI &amp; CABG? Cardiologist analyses the two coronary heart disease surgeries</em>", 2019</li></ol><p></p><p>The above information is provided by FWD Financial Limited ("FWD Financial") for reference and educational purposes only. It does not constitute an offer to buy or sell any insurance products outside of Hong Kong. Before purchasing any insurance product, you should understand your needs and affordability, read the policy carefully, and select suitable product. FWD Financial is an appointed insurance agency of FWD Life Insurance (Bermuda) Company Limited (incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (“FWD Life”). FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees make no express or implied representations, statements or warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose of the information provided. In no event shall FWD Financial, FWD Life, their subsiding companies or their respective directors or employees liable in any way for any consequences resulting from the use or reliance upon this article, and shall not incur any legal liability (including third-party liability). Users should evaluate all the information contained in this article and seek independent professional advice.</p><p></p>

【冠心病】年輕化 一文看清症狀及治療方法 | Understanding the symptoms of coronary heart disease

Understand the symptoms of coronary heart disease | FWD HK

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